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Ivan Illich (Vienna, September 4,1926 - Bremen, December 2,2002) was an Austrian philosopher and anarchist social critic, whose polemics on various forms of professional authority earned him worldwide notoriety. Author of an informal series of critiques of the institutions of "modern" culture, he addressed issues such as education, medicine, work, energy use, economic development, and gender. His work was most widely known in the 1970s, yet today is hard to find, and not part of the academic canon.